DEK TINO'S BLOG

 ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

Part 1

Dek Tino

Selamat bersua kembali anak-anak semuanya! Apa kabar kalian semuanya? Baik-baik saja bukan?

Kembali Mr. Tino hadir dalam pembelajaran daring ini dengan menyajikan secara tertulis materi kompetensi dasar yang baru, yakni tentang Analytical Exposition text. Namun sebelum sampai pada Analyitical exposition text, terlebih dahulu akan disinggung sedikit tentang Exposition text secara umum.

Exposition text (teks eksposisi) adalah jenis teks dimana seorang penulis (untuk teks tulis) mengemukakan pendapat atau gagasan untuk merespons isu-isu yang berkembang di masyarakat. Teks ini bisa juga untuk merespons terhadap gagasan-gagasan yang sudah ada dan penulis mengemukakan pendapat yang mana yang lebih baik, atau apa kelemahan dan kekuatan dari gagasan tersebut. Disini berarti eksposisi merupakan evaluasi kritis terhadap satu gagasan, (Emilia, 2012).

1.     Tujuan teks eksposisi

Teks eksposisi bertujuan mengajukan pendapat atau gagasan (opinion or ideas) terhadap satu isu dengan mengemukakan argumen-argumen untuk menjustifikasi pendapat tersebut. Masing-masing argumen akan di back up dengan data, evidence, penjelasan, atau contoh.  Teks eksposisi analitik bisa ditemukan dalam essay, editorial, komentar, debat politik, dan sebagainya.

 

2.     Jenis Teks Eksposisi

Ada dua jenis teks eksposisi, yaitu: eksposisi analitik (analytical exposition) dan eksposisi hortatory (hortatory exposition) (Martin, 1985, Derewinka, 1990)

Teks eksposisi analitis adalah teks yang bertujuan untuk meyakinkan pembaca atau pendengar bahwa sesuatu itu baik atau buruk, benar atau salah, penting atau tidak penting, dan sebagainya, bergantung pada isu atau topiknya. Menurut Martin (1985), teks eksposisi analitik bertujuan untuk mempengaruhi / mengajak / membujuk (persuade) untuk menjustifikasi pendapat atau interpretasi. 

Sementara itu teks eksposisi hortatori adalah teks eksposisi yang bertujuan untuk meyakinkan / mempengaruhi / membujuk, mengajak pembaca atau pendengar untuk melakukan sesuatu. Misalnya, anda ingin meyakinkan orang lain bahwa sampah plastik itu berbahaya dan mengajak mereka untuk berhenti memakai wadah dari plastik, atau mengajak memanfaatkan limbah plastik untuk keperluan lain.

Selanjutnya, akan dibahas mengenai jenis Analytical Exposition text.

 

3.     Organisasi Teks Eksposisi Analitik (Generic Structure)

Teks eksposisi analitis mempunyai struktur organisasi sebagai berikut:

Gambar Organisasi Teks Eksposisi Analitis

Sumber: www.slideshare.net

Teks eksposisi paling tidak mempunyai tiga paragraf, dimana paragraf pertama disebut Introductory Paragraph, atau paragraf pembuka, Body Paragraph, atau paragraf inti, dan paragraf penutup atau Concluding Paragraph. Berapapun paragraf yang ditulis, teks ini hanya ada satu paragraf pembuka dan satu paragraf penutup. Paragraf inti bisa terdiri dari satu, dua, atau banyak paragraf. 

Selanjutnya, pada materi pembelajaran kali ini akan secara khusus difokuskan untuk membahas tentang teks eksposisi analitik sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar yang diajarkan di tingkat 11.

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION ( EKSPOSISI ANALITIK )

 Pernahkah Anda membaca kalimat atau tulisan yang berisi tentang opini (pendapat)? Misalnya seperti kalimat berikut: “Do you agree that music is important in our life? Yes I do, music has certain role completing our day to day activities.” Dalam bahasa Inggris, kalimat itu biasanya banyak didapati dalam teks analytical exposition.  Nah, untuk tahu pengertiannya dan bagaimana penggunaannya, langsung saja kita bahas di bawah ini. 

Apa itu analytical exposition?

Pengertian atau definisi analytical exposition text sebenarnya sangat mudah dipahami. Secara bahasa, “analytical” bermakna, “examining or liking to examine things very carefully” (Cambridge). Artinya, (suka memeriksa / menguji sesuatu secara hati-hati). Sedangkan makna exposition adalah “a comprehensive description” atau penjelasan secara luas.

Dengan demikian, pengertian analytical exposition bisa dipahami sebagai teks yang mencoba memberikan penjelasan secara komprehensif tentang suatu masalah dengan menampilkan pendapat-pendapat pendukung secara hati-hati. 

Tujuan utama (fungsi sosial) analytical exposition text ini adalah, “to attempt to persuade the reader to believe something by presenting one side of the argument.” Artinya mencoba meyakinkan pembaca agar mempercayai sesuatu dengan memberikan satu sisi pendapat saja.”

Teks ini termasuk dalam argumentative text karena menunjukkan suatu pendapat (argumen) terhadap sesuatu. Fungsi sosialnya adalah untuk meyakinkan pembaca bahwa topik yang dihadirkan adalah topik yang penting untuk dibahas. 

Sudah jelas ya? Sekarang kita akan membahas bagian apa saja yang membentuk analytical exposition text.  Berikut adalah struktur teksnya: 

1.     Thesis

Pada bagian thesis ini, penulis harus memberitahu pembaca tentang topik utama yang akan ditulisnya. Thesis biasanya bisa ditemukan di paragraf pertama teks. Di bagian ini, pembaca juga bisa melihat mengapa penulis memberikan pendapat terhadap hal yang menjadi topiknya.

 

2.     Arguments

Di paragraf selanjutnya, kita bisa menemukan bagian arguments. Penulis akan menuliskan pendapat untuk mendukung topik utama yang telah disampaikan sebelumnya. Biasanya dalam analytical exposition terdapat lebih dari dua argumen. 

Semakin banyak argumen yang ditampilkan, pembaca akan semakin percaya bahwa topik yang dibahas adalah topik yang penting atau membutuhkan perhatian.

 

3.     Reiteration / Conclusion

Bagian ini selalu terletak di akhir teks dan menjadi paragraf penutup tulisan. Reiteration berisi penegasan kembali posisi dan pendapat penulis terhadap topik utama.

Agar semakin paham, perhatikan contoh analytical exposition text di bawah ini:

Title	Cars should be banned in the city
Thesis	As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Argumentation 1	Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ of asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.
Argumentation 2	Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our road's biggest killers.
Argumentation 3	Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone.
Reiteration/ Conclusion	In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.

Berikut ini adalah beberapa contoh Teks Eksposisi Analitik lainnya yang dapat kalian baca dan pahami. 

Text 1.

The Importance of Exercise   The majority of us claim that we do not have time for exercise. We feel too busy to do that. However, many experts said that exercise has great role in making our body healthy Being physically active offers many advantages. In physical reword, exercise can reduce weight then our body will become fitter. Exercise is also believed to reduce stress levels, improve sleep patterns, and reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes and some forms of cancer. Beside physical advantage, exercise also brings good mental effects mentally. Due to the fitter body, exercise can make us feel refreshed and happy, then we can increase our life quality and expectancy. How can we do exercise while we are busy? Such questions are commonly found among us. Actually exercise can be done in simple ways. We can go walking while shopping. In the office we can take the stairs rather than lift to run up and down. Or we can go cycling while enjoying our leisure time. Overall, doing exercise is a little bit difficult in busy life but a little bit of exercise will help better.

Text 2.

Smoking Should be Banned in Public Places   Have you ever come home with the stench of smoke clinging to your clothes? Or inhaled a cloud of smoke as a group of smokers passed, causing you to cough and choke? Neither experience is pleasant nor is this why smoking should be banned in public areas. Many countries today have laws that prohibit smoking in public places. It is because smoking affects not only the person who smokes but also non smokers as well. Secondhand smoke is the third leading cause of preventable death (after active smoking and alcohol), according to the Manitoba Medical Association. They also say that the smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, 50 of which are known to be cancer-related. Secondhand smoke has been linked to heart and respiratory disease; lung, breast, cervical, and nasal sinus cancers; strokes and miscarriages.  In children, dangers include sudden infant death syndrome, fetal growth impairment, bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma and middle-ear disease.  Smoking is a dangerous habit that not only affects the smoker, but those around him or her. Banning smoking in public will keep nonsmokers safer. People who smoke subject themselves to deadly diseases by choice. Why should non-smokers be forced to be around it? (Sumber: http://britishcourse.com)

Text 3.

Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress. Some underlying reasons can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language learning. Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term memory. Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes them many times more motivating than other texts. Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary sample. Furthermore, songs can be appropriated by the listener for their own purpose. Most pop songs and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time reference. In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution. Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture.

Text 3.

The popularity of mobile devices has had dangerous consequences. We know that mobile communications are linked to a significant increase in distracted driving which results in injury and loss of life. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that in 2010 driver distraction was the cause of 18 percent of all fatal crashes – with 3,092 people killed – and crashes resulting in an injury – with 416,000 people wounded. The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute found that text messaging creates a crash risk 23 times worse than driving while not distracted.  Eleven percent of drivers aged 18 to 20 who were involved in an automobile accident and survived admitted they were sending or receiving texts when they crashed. Distracted driving endangers life and property and the current levels of injury and loss are unacceptable.

 

Contoh teks berikut ini adalah sudah tersedia di buku paket Bahasa Inggris Anda. Silakan dibuka kembali pada halaman 46.

Text 4.

Global Warming

Is it an end to our world?

Global warming is a phenomenon used to describe the gradual increase in the temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is not a new problem but lately people are acknowledging that we are facing a serious problem. Climate change is apparent everywhere. Failed crops, economic slowdown, and deforestation are among the several impacts of global warming.

First of all, there is irrefutable evidence that human activities have changed the atmosphere of our earth. Since the time we have been industrializing, we have started polluting our waters and air, and have been releasing greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.

Secondly, according to research by the Greenpeace organization, there is evidence of extensive deforestation being carried out in Indonesia and other tropical countries around the world. These forests are used to grow crops like palm sugar, palm oil and coffee–the lifeline of Western society (Green-peace report, 2007).The impact of climate change is noticeable throughout Asia-Pacific, either during hot days or too much rain accompanied by wind and thunderstorms. This has started to affect the economy as well.

Furthermore, the shining weather patterns have made it difficult for farmers to grow crops. A recent study has shown that due to

unpredictable weather patterns, there have been a lot of failed crops (Reuters, 2007).

In conclusion, global warming is not a new problem nor are we solely responsible for it. But as the citizens of the world, we have to take every possible action to help overcome this issue. It is not only for us but for all the future generations to follow.

(Source: Bahasa Inggris SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Kelas XI. Penerbit Kemendikbud Jakarta, Edisi 2017)

To be continued on the next encounter with “Language Features of Analytical Exposition”.

Tugas

Silahkan kalian berlatih dengan mengerjakan tugas ini. Tidak perlu dikumpulkan ke guru kalian.  

Direction: Write some words you do not understand. Write them on the following table then consult the dictionary.

(Tuliskan kata-kata yang menurut Anda sulit (tidak diketahui padanannya dalam bahasa Indonesia) dalam tabel berikut beserta maknanya. Anda diperkenankan menggunakan kamus)

 

No	Vocabulary	Meaning
1 2 3 4 5 dst	Majority …. … … … … dst	Mayoritas; sebagian besar …. … … … … dst

NB: Tulis sebanyak-banyaknya kosakata yang kalian belum diketahui artinya ketika pertama kali membaca masing-masing teks tersebut di atas. Masing-masing dari kalian dapat dipastikan tidak akan pernah sama kosakata yang ditulis di dalam tabel di atas, karena memiliki perbendaharaan kata yang berbeda-beda.

 

Anak-anak semuanya, untuk sementara materi belajar daring kali ini dicukupkan. Mr. Tino akan sambung pada pertemuan selanjutnya dengan Language Features of Analytical Exposition dan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik ( LKPD ) tentunya. Terimakasih dan salam bahagia selalu.