PROCEDURE TEXT

PROCEDURE TEXT

by Mr Tino

Definitions (Pengertian):

Ada tiga definisi tentang teks prosedur: (1)Teks yang menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu bekerja atau bagaimana menggunakan instruksi / manual operasi misalnya cara menggunakan video, komputer, tape recorder, mesin fotokopi, dan fax. (2) Teks yang menginstruksikan bagaimana melakukan aktivitas tertentu misalnya resep, aturan permainan, eksperimen sains, aturan keselamatan jalan. (3) Teks yang berhubungan dengan perilaku manusia, misalnya bagaimana hidup bahagia, bagaimana sukses, dan lain-lain.

Biasanya, teks ini diawali dengan “How to……”. Contohnya: “How to operate ……” atau “How to make……” 

 

Purpose / Goal (Tujuan):

Teks ini digunakan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu dibuat, dilakukan, atau digunakan dengan langkah-langkah yang jelas dan berurutan. (The purpose of procedure text is to show how something is made, used, or done through a sequence of steps). 

 

Language Features (Ciri-ciri Kebahasaan):

Berikut ciri-ciri kebahasaan dari procedure text:

1.  Teks ini membahas fakta mengenai pembuatan atau penggunaan sesuatu, sehingga kita perlu menggunakan simple present tense.

2. Karena kita perlu menjelaskan beberapa steps, kita dapat menggunakan kalimat perintah (imperative sentence). Contoh kalimat perintah dalam procedure text adalah add 5 onions, get some yeast and pan. Kalimat perintah harus  diawali dengan kata kerja tindakan (action verbs / dynamic verbs). Contohnya adalah mix, stir, boil, add, turn on, get, dan lain sebagainya.

3.  Dalam procedure text, ketika kita ingin menjelaskan langkah-langkah pembuatan / penggunaan, ada kalanya kita perlu menghubungkan satu kalimat dengan kalimat yang lain dengan kata penghubung (connectives) atau sequential words. Contohnya: first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), after that, then, last, finally, dan sebagainya.

4.  Untuk memberikan keterangan waktu atau durasi pembuatan dalam procedure text, kita perlu menggunakan kata keterangan (adverb). Contohnya adalah in 5 minutes, for an hour, dan seterusnya. Selain itu, kita juga bisa menggunakan keterangan cara (adverb of manner). Contohnya: slowly, fastly, rapidly, powerfully, etc.

 

Generic structures (Struktur  teks)

Setelah mengetahui garis besar penulisan procedure text, kita juga perlu mengetahui bagaimana generic structure -nya. Generic structure suatu procedure text terdiri dari aim / goal, ingredients / materials / tools, serta steps / methods. 

 

Aim / Goal

Bagian pertama dalam menulis  procedure text adalah aim / goal yang berarti tujuan. Biasanya, tujuan ini terletak pada judul yang menunjukkan tujuan dibuatnya teks tersebut.

Contoh: How to Make Dalgona Coffee 

 

Ingredients / Materials / Tools

Di bagian yang kedua adalah ingredients / material / tools. Penulisan ingredients / materials ini berguna untuk menjelaskan apa saja bahan-bahan atau alat yang digunakan untuk membuat sesuatu dalam procedure text tersebut.

Contoh: The ingredients to make Dalgona coffee are coffee and sugar. We also need a spoon and warm water.

 

Steps / Methods

Bagian akhir dari procedure text, yaitu steps / methods (langkah / metode). Bagian ini berisi tentang langkah-langkah apa saja yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan dari procedure text. 

Contoh: First, wash the tomatoes. Second, cut the onion into slices. . .

Contoh-contoh Procedure Text

Di bawah ini merupakan contoh Procedure Text 

 

Example #1

Example #2

Contoh lain procedure text ada di bawah ini:

 

Example #3

Did you know that you can make a rocket powered by water and air? Okay, it won’t reach the stars, but it should soar high up into the air-and since it can’t get far, you can easily find it and launch it again!

You will need:

• Empty plastic bottle with push-pull cap and large soda bottle

• Long, slim stick

• Strong tape

• Coloured cardboard

• Sand

• Pump, with conical plastic nozzle 

How to make:

1)  Tape the stick to the side of the smaller bottle, with the neck of the bottle facing down. Make a nose cone and fins from cardboard, and tape them to the bottle to make it look the part.

2)  Next, build your launch pad. Half fill the big soda bottle with sand so that it stands upright and is stable. If it's not, try partially burying the base in the ground.

3)  Turn the rocket nose down and fill it one third full with water. Screw on the cap. Pull the stopper open and push the conical plastic nozzle of the pump into the hole. It must be a tight fit.

4)  Carefully turn your rocket upright and insert the stick into the soda bottle. Start pumping. As you pump, air pressure will build up in the top part of the rocket above the water.

5)  Suddenly the air pressure will blow the pump nozzle out of the stopper and the water will blast out to propel the rocket high up into the air. Stand back or you could get a bit wet.

(Adopted from: John Woodward, Necessary Skills and Then Some..., New York, Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2014.)

 

Example #4 

These easy steps serve as a simple guide to use a pressure cooker.

1.  Check the recipe for a specific cooking method and cooking time. Pour the required amount of liquid into the pressure cooker, and then add the food. Use the cooking rack, if desired.

2.   Hold the cover up to light and look through the vent pipe to make certain it is open and unclogged. Then, place the cover on the pressure cooker and close securely (the cover handle should be directly above the body handle).

3.   Place the pressure regulator firmly on the vent pipe. Heat the pressure cooker until the pressure regulator begins to rock slowly. Adjust the heat to maintain a slow, steady rocking motion. Cooking time begins at this point.

4.   Cook for the length of time specified in the recipe, then reduce the pressure as specified. When the recipe states “let the pressure drop of its own accord”, set the cooker aside to cool. When the recipe states “cool the cooker at once,” cool immediately under a water faucet or by pouring cold water over it.

5.   Pressure is completely reduced when the air vent/cover lock has dropped. Remove the pressure regulator. Then, remove the pressure cooker cover and serve food.

(Adopted from: https://www.gopresto.com/recipes/ppc/howtouse.php (26th October 2017)

 

Example #5

HOW TO WRAP PRESENT WITH WRAPPING PAPER

1.   Gather wrapping materials

Assemble your present, the wrapping paper, scissors and tape, and then clear a large, flat surface such as a kitchen table.

2.   Secure fragile items

Make sure that anything fragile within your box is wrapped securely and won’t move around or become damaged. Use a small piece of tape to keep the box closed.

3.   Measure out how much paper to cut

Roll out your wrapping paper-but don't cut it yet. Place the box in the center of the unfurled paper, upside down, so the seams of the paper will end up on the bottom of the package. Bring the paper up one side and over the top of the box, all the way to the opposite edge. Estimating how much additional paper you'll need to cover the side of the box that’s not yet covered, cut the paper.

4.   Secure the paper to the box with tape

Center the box on the paper. Bring one side of the paper up the side and halfway across the top, affixing it to the box with a piece of tape.

5.   Fold the other side for a cleaner edge

Before bringing the second side of the paper up and over the first, create a clean seam by folding over the last half-inch or so of the paper, using your fingers to create a tight crease. Now bring this side up, so it just overlaps the first one and affixes it with tape. Double-sided tape can be used for a cleaner look.

6.   Fold the paper on each side of the present

Starting on one end, fold down the top flap onto the side of the box, creating two little wings at the side. Flatten those in against the box and then fold the remaining triangle of paper up against the box. Fasten it in place with tape.

7.   Stand the box up and repeat folding to the other side

Set your box on end, with the side you just worked on facing down, and repeat step 6 on the opposite end.

8.   Add finishing touches

Add any ribbons or decorative bows to your gift.

(Adopted from: https://www.realsimple.com/holidays-entertaining/gifts/wrap-present (20th October 2017))

 

Example #6

THINGS TO DO TO SLEEP QUICKLY

Do you have some problems with your bedtime? One of the problems in bed is insomnia. A few people often get difficulty to sleep, although they are already sleepy. If you are one of them, you may follow the steps below.

1.  Try to breathe with your mind. Breathing plays a role in your nervous system. When you breathe slowly, you can be calm. When you are calm, you will be relaxed, and it can make you sleepy, then easily you fall asleep.

2.  I personally believe that a mattress has a big effect on sleeping. The match mattress influences body type and sleep style. So a mattress which matches your body will make you sleep comfortably.

3.  Put the gadgets away at bed time. You shouldn’t check emails and social media, nor watch a television program at bed time. Just make your bed and start to rest your body.

4. Do we need to lower the room temperature? Researchers have found that a cooler temperature helps people to sleep deeply and sleep faster.

5. Who doesn't want to eat carbohydrates at night? One study found that eating carbohydrates four hours before bedtime helps people to sleep faster and well.

 

Example #7

Berikut adalah contoh Procedure Text dalam bentuk Tips

I believe that all of you receive pocket money whether it is daily, weekly, or monthly. It is very important that you can manage your pocket money well so that you won’t be penniless at the end of the pocket money's period. It also helps you minimize your stress levels. Have you done such management? If you haven't, it's better for you to start now.

Here are several guidelines for managing pocket money. First, stick to an even amount that involves coins - this makes life a lot easier, and saves you from tricky calculations that involve cents! Second, have a regular weekly payday where a tally of jobs done is made, and the money is paid out, such as on Sunday. Make sure you have those coins ready though! Next, ensure your pocket money rules are in writing and kept somewhere. Keep the rules short and simple. At last, aim to instill the savings habit by making you save a percentage of your money each week - this may vary from 10% to 50%, but is a vital part of their learning process. Have a try these tips!

(Adopted from https://web.archive.org/web20210119031446hp://www.kwames.onnelarticles pocket money (May 2. 2021))

 

Example #8

HOW TO MAKE FRUIT ICE

 

Materials:

• Mango

• Avocado

• Sugar water

• Milk

• Ice

• Apple

• Strawberries

• Wine

• Jackfruit

 

Steps:

First, cut the fruit round or dice.

Then, scratching the flesh of a melon.

Then, boil sugar with water until cooked for about 30 minutes.

Next, put in serving glasses that have been cut round pieces or dice.

Then, to taste Pour the sugar water, put ice cubes and milk on ice fruit.

Last, put the decorations on the glass with a piece of strawberry on it.

 

Example #9

 

CONCLUSION (KESIMPULAN)

Procedure text is a text that explains or helps us how to make or use something. Its social function is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of steps. Communicative purpose of this text is to describe how something is made through a sequence of actions or steps.

There are three generic structures in procedure text. The first is goals or purposes. The second is materials or tools. The third and the last are steps or methods. To know the text that we read is procedure or not is so simple. You can read the title of it. If the title is started with ‘how to make…’ or ‘how to use…’ it can be certainly defined that the text is procedure text.

However, for certain forms, such as tips and manual, a procedure text only consists of two elements (See Example #9 above):

-       Goal: describing the name of the procedure to be carried out,

-       Steps: describing the methods or steps to follow.